Further Redundancies

End result
No, just the result.

 Freak accident
As opposed to the deliberate or expected kind?

Directly on point
A case is on point or it isn’t, and you wouldn’t ever say that one was indirectly on point.

Sidebar: in England, it is usual to say that a legal authority is in point, not on point. North Americans do say a case in point, but typically (I think) in non-legal usage.

Exactly the same, one and the same
Just the same.

Oftentimes
I heard this in a meeting recently, but the OED says it’s ‘archaic or literary’. And redundant: often alone will do.

Refer back
No, just refer (and never reference (as a verb)).

The re- prefix means back.

Twelve noon, twelve midnight
In both, the twelve (or 12) is unnecessary.

Neil Guthrie (@guthrieneil)

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